Explanation should include
- definition of homeostasis
- the significance of intake and output
- fluid-volume imbalances (intracellular vs. extracellular)
- fluid retention and loss
- role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and renin-angiotensin.
Process/Skill Questions:
- What significance is intake and output to homeostasis?
- What are the signs and symptoms of fluid imbalances, such as dehydration, hypovolemia, third-space shifting, and hypervolemia?
- What nursing interventions are indicated for each type of fluid-volume imbalance?
- When would one expect to administer hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions to a client?
- How do ADH, aldosterone, and renin-angiotensin mechanisms maintain fluid balance?