Title: Nurse Aide (14051)

Demonstrating Personal Qualities and Abilities
  Demonstrate creativity and innovation.
  Demonstrate critical thinking and problem-solving.
  Demonstrate initiative and self-direction.
  Demonstrate integrity.
  Demonstrate work ethic.
  WorkplaceReadinessSkillsPoster2019.pdf
Demonstrating Interpersonal Skills
  Demonstrate conflict-resolution skills.
  Demonstrate listening and speaking skills.
  Demonstrate respect for diversity.
  Demonstrate customer service skills.
  Collaborate with team members.
Demonstrating Professional Competencies
  Demonstrate big-picture thinking.
  Demonstrate career- and life-management skills.
  Demonstrate continuous learning and adaptability.
  Manage time and resources.
  Demonstrate information-literacy skills.
  Demonstrate an understanding of information security.
  Maintain working knowledge of current information-technology (IT) systems.
  Demonstrate proficiency with technologies, tools, and machines common to a specific occupation.
  Apply mathematical skills to job-specific tasks.
  Demonstrate professionalism.
  Demonstrate reading and writing skills.
  Demonstrate workplace safety.
Examining All Aspects of an Industry
  Examine aspects of planning within an industry/organization.
  Examine aspects of management within an industry/organization.
  Examine aspects of financial responsibility within an industry/organization.
  Examine technical and production skills required of workers within an industry/organization.
  Examine principles of technology that underlie an industry/organization.
  Examine labor issues related to an industry/organization.
  Examine community issues related to an industry/organization.
  Examine health, safety, and environmental issues related to an industry/organization.
Addressing Elements of Student Life
  Identify the purposes and goals of the student organization.
  Explain the benefits and responsibilities of membership in the student organization as a student and in professional/civic organizations as an adult.
  Demonstrate leadership skills through participation in student organization activities, such as meetings, programs, and projects.
  Identify Internet safety issues and procedures for complying with acceptable use standards.
Exploring Work-Based Learning
  Identify the types of work-based learning (WBL) opportunities.
  (Optional) Reflect on lessons learned during the WBL experience.
  Explore career opportunities related to the WBL experience.
  (Optional) Participate in a WBL experience, when appropriate.
Unit I: The Nurse Aide in Long-Term Care
  Describe the different types of health care.
  Describe comparisons and differences of various methods that residents use to pay for long-term care.
  Describe the requirements of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987.
  Describe the role of the nurse aide in long-term care facilities.
  Describe common tasks for the nurse aide.
  Discuss professional behaviors of the nurse aide.
  Explain delegation as it relates to the nurse.
  Explain the impact of Guidance Document 90-55 on potential employment for a nurse.
Unit II: Communication and Interpersonal Skills
  Identify three aspects of communication.
  Demonstrate the ability to listen.
  Recognize barriers to communication.
  Identify the role of the four senses in communication.
  Describe the documents that are used by the health care team to communicate information and needs of the resident.
  Demonstrate an understanding of the nursing process.
  Demonstrate end-of-shift communication.
  Demonstrate the correct way to talk on the telephone.
  Demonstrate communicating with a hearing-impaired resident.
  Demonstrate communicating with a visually impaired resident.
  Describe the characteristics of cognitive impairment.
  Identify causes of cognitive impairment in residents.
  Explain why communication challenges need to be overcome and list methods to overcome these challenges.
  Discuss communicating with families.
  Given specific scenarios, demonstrate the appropriate communication with members of the health care team.
  Discuss important interpersonal skills for the nurse aide.
  Given selected scenarios, identify the stressors for the nurse aide and the resources the nurse aide may use to deal with the stress.
  Demonstrate conflict management strategies.
  Demonstrate an understanding of boundary violations, use and misuse of social media, and use of cell phones, (pictures and texting) as they relate to the care of residents.
  Demonstrate the importance of protecting the resident’s privacy and confidentiality.
Unit III: Infection Control
  List various types of pathogens that cause disease.
  Describe the relationship of pathogens to the chain of infection.
  Identify factors contributing to the incidence of infection.
  Describe sources and sites of infection.
  Identify human defenses against infection.
  List early signs of infection and the importance of reporting signs to a licensed nurse.
  Explain why the elderly are so susceptible to infection.
  Describe Standard Precautions guidelines.
  Compare different methods used to achieve medical asepsis.
  Demonstrate proper hand-washing technique.
  Demonstrate proper donning and removing technique for personal protective equipment (PPE).
  Identify various types of isolation precautions.
  Describe the disposal of infectious waste material in a health care facility.
Unit IV: Safety Measures
  Demonstrate an understanding of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard.
  List risk factors for common accidents.
  Identify safety procedures to prevent falls in health care facilities.
  Identify the importance of reporting falls to the appropriate supervisor.
  Discuss measures to prevent various common accidents in health care facilities.
  Identify the information contained on a Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
  Demonstrate the procedure for dealing with an obstructed airway.
  Discuss the use of restraints, including the reasons to avoid their use.
  Explain the importance of and frequency of monitoring the resident while restraints/protective devices are in use.
  Identify alternatives to restraints/protective devices.
  Demonstrate the use of good body mechanics.
  Demonstrate the correct way to assist a falling resident.
  Discuss the importance of and methods for reporting incidents/accidents to the appropriate supervisor.
  Identify potential causes of a fire in a health care facility.
  Identify ways to prevent a fire in a health care facility.
  Demonstrate the proper use of a fire extinguisher.
  Discuss the sequence of events to be taken if fire is discovered in a health care facility.
  Discuss the sequence of events to be taken in the event of a disaster.
  Explain the importance of the facility policy/procedure manual for fire and disaster, including its location.
  Discuss the role of the nurse aide and oxygen use in a health care facility.
Unit V: Emergency Measures
  Identify the basic steps a nurse aide should take in any emergency situation.
  Identify symptoms a resident may display when experiencing an emergency.
  Demonstrate the appropriate response to a conscious or unconscious resident in an emergency situation.
  Demonstrate CPR, including the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED), on an adult manikin (not required by regulation).
  Discuss the appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who is bleeding.
  Discuss appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who is having a nosebleed.
  Demonstrate appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who has fainted.
  Discuss appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who has vomited.
  Discuss appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who has been burned.
  Explain the signs/symptoms of a heart attack.
  Discuss appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who has signs/symptoms of a heart attack.
  Discuss appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who is having a seizure.
  Explain the signs/symptoms of a stroke.
  Discuss appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who is having a stroke.
  Discuss definition of and causes of shock.
  Identify the signs/symptoms of shock.
  Discuss appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who is in shock.
  Explain the signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  Discuss appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who is hypoglycemic.
  Explain the signs/symptoms of hyperglycemia.
  Discuss appropriate nurse aide actions for a resident who is hyperglycemic.
Unit VI: Client Rights
  Identify the four basic rights of all clients/residents.
  Explain client/resident rights identified in OBRA and HIPAA.
  Identify nurse aide actions that maintain client/resident privacy and confidentiality.
  Identify nurse aide actions that promote the client’s/resident’s right to make personal choices to accommodate their individual needs.
  Identify nurse aide actions that assist the client/resident with their right to receive assistance resolving grievances and disputes.
  Describe the role of the ombudsman in a long-term care facility.
  Identify nurse aide actions that provide the client/resident with assistance necessary to participate in client/resident and family groups and other activities.
  Identify nurse aide actions that maintain the care and security of the client’s/resident’s personal possessions.
  Identify nurse aide actions that promote client’s/resident’s right to be free from mistreatment, including abuse, neglect and exploitation.
  Define the types of adult abuse recognized in Virginia.
  Recognize the indicators of sexual abuse of vulnerable adults.
  Recognize the indicators of physical abuse of vulnerable adults.
  Recognize the indicators of unreasonable confinement of vulnerable adults.
  Recognize the indicators of mental or psychological abuse of vulnerable adults.
  Discuss the definition of neglect of vulnerable adults.
  Recognize the indicators of neglect of vulnerable adults.
  Discuss the definition of exploitation of vulnerable adults.
  Recognize the indicators of exploitation of vulnerable adults.
  Discuss the definition of negligence of vulnerable adults.
  Identify actions of the nurse aide that constitute client/resident mistreatment, including adult abuse, neglect, or exploitation.
  Identify signs and symptoms that indicate client/resident abuse, neglect, or exploitation.
  Describe the nurse aide’s role as a mandated reporter.
  Describe the consequences of a report of abuse, neglect, or exploitation against a nurse aide.
  Explain how the nurse aide can help the client/resident meet their basic needs as described by Maslow.
  Discuss strategies the nurse aide can use to promote client/resident independence.
  Define culture and what represents culture.
  Describe cultural sensitivity awareness, ethnic cultures, and national cultures.
  Recognize cultural differences as they relate to clients/residents and their family members.
  Identify strategies to provide culturally sensitive care.
  Identify developmental tasks for each age group described by Erikson.
  List psychosocial changes occurring in late adulthood.
  Discuss how the changes of late adulthood affect the psychosocial and physical care of the client/resident in long-term care.
Unit VII: Basic Skills
  Explain the beginning and ending steps for the nurse aide when providing care to the resident.
  Identify changes in mental status that the nurse aide might observe.
  Identify changes in physical appearance that the nurse aide might observe.
  Identify changes in appetite that the nurse aide might observe.
  Identify signs of infection that the nurse aide might observe.
  Discuss changes to the skin and hair that occur in geriatric residents.
  Identify signs and symptoms that should be reported to the appropriate supervisor or the appropriate licensed nurse during daily care.
  Describe changes to the musculoskeletal system that may occur in geriatric residents and what to report to the licensed nurse.
  Identify changes to the respiratory system that may occur in geriatric residents and what to report to the licensed nurse.
  Discuss changes to the cardiovascular system that may occur in geriatric residents and what to report to the licensed nurse.
  Describe changes to the nervous system that may occur in geriatric residents and what to report to the licensed nurse.
  Discuss changes to the eyes and ears that may occur in geriatric residents and what to report to the licensed nurse.
  Describe changes to the digestive system that may occur in geriatric residents and what to report to the licensed nurse.
  Identify changes to the urinary system that may occur in geriatric residents and what to report to the licensed nurse.
  Discuss changes to the endocrine system that may occur in geriatric residents and what to report to the licensed nurse.
  Describe changes to the reproductive system that may occur in geriatric residents and what to report to the licensed nurse.
  Discuss six conditions that affect the resident’s environment.
  Identify the six OBRA requirements for a resident room in a long-term care facility.
  Describe the furnishings located in a typical resident room in a long-term care facility.
  Demonstrate the nurse aide’s responsibilities for care of the resident’s environment.
  Describe what the nurse aide should report to the supervisor or licensed nurse regarding the resident’s room.
  Discuss the difference between an unoccupied, closed, open, and occupied bed.
  Describe the different types of linen the nurse aide uses to make a bed in a long-term care facility.
  Identify various devices used on the bed in a long-term care facility.
  Demonstrate the correct handling of linen.
  Demonstrate how to make a closed bed.
  Demonstrate how to make an open bed.
  Demonstrate how to make an occupied bed.
  Discuss the importance of measuring and recording routine vital signs on geriatric residents.
  Demonstrate the knowledge of types and use of thermometers to accurately measure and record the resident’s temperature.
  Report abnormal readings or changes to the appropriate supervisor or licensed nurse.
  Identify specific factors that may affect the accuracy of the temperature reading.
  Describe the circulation of blood from the heart, to the periphery of the body, and back to the heart.
  Explain what the pulse measures.
  Demonstrate how to count and record a radial pulse.
  Report any changes or abnormal pulse to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Identify specific factors that may affect the accuracy of the pulse rate.
  Explain what the blood pressure (BP) measures.
  Identify equipment needed to take a blood pressure.
  Demonstrate how to measure and record blood pressure.
  Report any changes or abnormal blood pressure to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Identify specific factors that may affect the BP reading.
  Identify specific factors that may affect the accuracy of a BP reading.
  Define the physiology of respirations, how respirations are measured, and terminology related to respirations.
  Demonstrate how to count and record respirations.
  Report any changes or abnormal respirations to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss pain management, the pain scale, and questions the nurse aide may ask to understand the resident’s pain level.
  Describe observations that the nurse aide can make to understand the resident’s pain level.
  Describe comfort measures the nurse aide can perform in response to the resident’s pain.
  Demonstrate how to measure and record the height of a resident.
  Demonstrate how to measure and record the weight of ambulatory resident.
  Report any changes in weight to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Measure and record fluid intake.
  Identify the major anatomical structures of the urinary system.
  Describe the fluids that can be recorded as fluid output.
  Identify equipment used to measure fluid output.
  Demonstrate accurate measurement and recording of urinary output.
  Report any changes in urinary output to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Identify factors that may affect the resident’s urinary output.
  Demonstrate accurate measurement and recording of food intake.
  Report any changes in food intake to the appropriate licensed nurse.
Unit VIII: Personal Care Skills
  Identify the components of personal care.
  Explain routine personal care for both morning and bedtime.
  Describe person-centered care (PCC).
  Explain why it is important to provide PCC in the long-term care environment.
  Describe the guidelines for assisting the resident with person-centered personal care.
  Explain what the nurse aide is able to observe while assisting the resident with personal care.
  Identify different pain scales (per facility policy).
  Identify the purpose of bathing.
  Identify the supplies required for bathing.
  Describe the safety guidelines the nurse aide should follow when assisting the resident to bathe.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor/licensed nurse.
  Explain the importance of following the correct sequence of bathing.
  Demonstrate how to give a shower.
  Accurately document performance of a shower on the facility ADL form.
  Demonstrate how to give a tub bath.
  Accurately document the performance of a tub bath on the facility ADL form.
  Demonstrate how to give a partial bed bath.
  Accurately document performance of a partial bed bath on the facility ADL Form.
  Demonstrate how to give a complete bed bath.
  Accurately document the performance of a complete bed bath on facility ADL Form.
  Demonstrate how to give a modified bed bath (face, arms, hands, and underarms).
  Identify terms associated with oral hygiene.
  Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of oral hygiene.
  Describe observations that the nurse aide may make while providing oral hygiene to a resident.
  Identify the guidelines for good oral hygiene.
  Demonstrate how to provide mouth care.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to provide mouth care for an edentulous resident.
  Accurately document the performance of mouth care on a facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to floss a resident’s teeth.
  Accurately document the performance of flossing the teeth on a facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to provide denture care.
  Accurately document performance of denture care on facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to provide mouth care for an unconscious resident.
  Accurately document performance of mouth care for the unconscious resident on facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Identify the components of personal grooming.
  Explain how to shampoo a resident’s hair.
  Demonstrate how to provide hair care.
  Accurately document the performance of hair care on the facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Explain the guidelines for nurse aides when shaving a resident.
  Describe the different types of razors including how the nurse aide would use each type.
  Demonstrate how to shave a resident.
  Accurately document shaving on a facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Discuss the procedure for shaving a female resident.
  Explain why make-up may be important for the resident.
  Identify the importance of fingernail care.
  Describe the guidelines the nurse aide should follow when providing nail care.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to provide fingernail care.
  Accurately document the performance of fingernail care on a facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of foot care.
  Identify guidelines for foot care.
  Discuss observations that the nurse aide may make while providing foot care.
  Demonstrate how to provide foot care.
  Accurately document performance of foot care on facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Describe the importance of daily dressing.
  Discuss guidelines the nurse aide should follow when helping a resident to dress.
  Identify assistive devices that are useful for residents when they are dressing themselves.
  Explain observations the nurse aide may make when assisting the resident to dress.
  Identify safety measures and precautions the nurse aide should be aware of when assisting the resident to dress.
  Demonstrate how to dress the resident with an affected (weak) arm.
  Accurately document dressing on a facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Explain the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.
  Define the terms used in the urinary system.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the urinary system.
  Identify normal characteristics of urine.
  Identify abnormal characteristics of urine that the nurse aide should report to the appropriate supervisor.
  Explain the guidelines the nurse aide should follow to promote normal urination patterns.
  Discuss common disorders of the urinary system, including their signs and symptoms.
  Identify equipment used with the urinary system.
  Discuss how to provide care to the resident/resident with urinary incontinence.
  Demonstrate how to provide perineal care.
  Accurately document performance of perineal care on a facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to provide catheter care.
  Accurately document the performance of catheter care on the facility ADL form.
  Demonstrate how to empty a urinary drainage bag.
  Accurately document urinary output.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Discuss how to collect routine urine specimen.
  Accurately document the specimen collection.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Discuss how to collect a clean-catch urine specimen.
  Accurately document specimen collection.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Explain the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) system.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the GI system.
  Identify normal characteristics of stool.
  Discuss the importance of identifying abnormal characteristics of stool that the nurse aide should report to the appropriate supervisor.
  Explain the guidelines the nurse aide should follow to promote normal bowel elimination patterns.
  Demonstrate how to help a resident use a bedpan.
  Accurately document the use of a bedpan and the outcome on a facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Discuss common disorders of the GI system, including their signs and symptoms.
  Explain the different types of enemas and when a nurse aide is permitted to give an enema.
  Discuss how to collect routine stool specimen.
  Accurately document the specimen collection.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Explain why a resident might have a colostomy.
  Describe care issues for a resident with a colostomy including what observations the nurse aide should make.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Discuss the importance of nutrition, hydration, and elimination as it relates to the client/resident.
  Describe the six main nutrients in a healthy diet.
  Explain how to use MyPlate as a guide for a healthy diet.
  Identify various special diets that residents may receive.
  Describe the three consistencies of thickening that may be ordered for residents with swallowing difficulties.
  Identify age-related changes that affect eating and nutrition.
  Identify cultural considerations that affect eating and nutrition.
  Identify specific observations concerning eating and nutrition that the nurse aide should report to the appropriate supervisor.
  Explain guidelines for the nurse aide concerning eating and nutrition.
  Describe actions the nurse aide should take to prepare the resident for mealtime.
  Demonstrate how to serve resident trays.
  Demonstrate how to feed a resident who cannot feed self.
  Accurately document food and fluid intake.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Describe actions to help prevent aspiration.
  Define hydration, including the actual amount of fluid required per day.
  Describe signs and symptoms of dehydration.
  Accurately describe the actions of the nurse aide to prevent resident dehydration.
  Identify signs and symptoms of fluid overload to report to the appropriate supervisor.
  Explain the anatomy and physiology of the skin.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the skin.
  Discuss common disorders of the skin, including signs and symptoms.
  Identify risk factors for developing pressure sores.
  Describe the staging of pressure sores.
  Describe actions the nurse aide can take to prevent pressure sores.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to perform a back massage.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Identify the structure and function of the skeletal system.
  Identify the structure and function of the muscular system.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the musculoskeletal system.
  Discuss common disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including their signs and symptoms and guidelines for the nurse aide.
  Identify complications of immobility.
  Demonstrate the various positions for the resident in bed.
  Demonstrate how to raise a resident’s head and shoulders.
  Demonstrate how to move a resident up in the bed.
  Demonstrate how to move a resident up in bed using a draw sheet.
  Accurately document moving the resident up in bed on facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to position the resident on their side.
  Accurately document positioning the resident on their side on a facility ADL form.
  Demonstrate how to transfer the resident from a bed to a wheelchair using a transfer belt.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to transfer the resident from a bed to a wheelchair using a mechanical lift.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
  Demonstrate how to ambulate the resident using transfer/gait belt.
  Identify complaints and concerns the nurse aide should report to the appropriate supervisor related to ambulation.
  Accurately document ambulating the resident on a facility ADL form.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate supervisor.
Unit IX: Individual Client’s Needs, including Mental Health and Social Service Needs
  Identify the basic physical needs of the client/resident.
  Identify the basic psychosocial needs of the client/resident.
  Demonstrate guidelines for the nurse aide to assist the client/resident to meet their psychosocial needs.
  Identify defense mechanisms.
  Describe the signs and symptoms of anxiety.
  Identify the behaviors associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  Identify the signs and symptoms of depression.
  Describe the behavior associated with bipolar disorder.
  Describe the signs and symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
  Describe the types of drugs that may lead to substance abuse disorder.
  Identify the causes of substance abuse disorder and opiate misuse.
  Identify signs/symptoms of substance abuse and opiate misuse disorder.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse or supervisor.
  Demonstrate ways the nurse aide can modify their behavior in response to the behavior of the client/resident.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate principles of behavior management by reinforcing appropriate behavior and causing inappropriate behavior to be reduced or eliminated.
  Demonstrate strategies to reinforce appropriate behavior.
  Demonstrate strategies to reduce inappropriate behavior.
  Identify age-appropriate strategies to reinforce client/resident dignity.
  Identify guidelines for nurse aide to reinforce client/resident dignity.
  Identify warning signs that frequently precede aggressive behavior.
  Demonstrate strategies to respond to aggressive behavior.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Identify warning signs that frequently precede angry behavior.
  Demonstrate strategies to respond to angry behavior.
  Identify signs of combative behavior.
  Demonstrate strategies to respond to combative behavior.
  Demonstrate strategies to respond to inappropriate language.
  Identify common causes of confusion and/or disorientation.
  Demonstrate strategies to respond to confused and/or disoriented behavior.
  Demonstrate strategies to respond to inappropriate sexual behavior.
  Identify the role of family/concerned others as a source of emotional support for the client/resident.
  Demonstrate strategies to meet the emotional needs of the client/resident and the family/concerned others.
  Demonstrate strategies to encourage family/concerned others to provide emotional support to the client/resident.
  Demonstrate appropriate clinical care of the aged.
  Describe the effects developmental disabilities may have on the client/resident.
  Identify various physical disabilities the nurse aide may find in a long-term care facility.
  Demonstrate appropriate clinical care of the disabled.
Unit X: Special Needs Clients
  Explain the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the nervous system.
  Discuss common disorders of the nervous system, including their signs and symptoms.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Explain the anatomy and physiology of the eye.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the eye.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate an understanding of the behavior of the visually impaired client/resident.
  Respond appropriately to the behavior of the visually impaired client/resident.
  Explain the anatomy and physiology of the ear.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the ear.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate an understanding of the behavior of the hearing-impaired client/resident.
  Respond appropriately to the behavior of the hearing-impaired client/resident.
  Define the terms used with cognitive impairment.
  Define various types of dementia.
  Discuss the three stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
  Demonstrate an understanding of the behavior of the cognitively impaired client/resident.
  Respond appropriately to the behavior of the cognitively impaired client/resident.
  Demonstrate appropriate responses to a client/resident experiencing hallucinations/delusions.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate appropriate responses to a client/resident experiencing catastrophic reactions.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Define pillaging, rummaging, and hoarding.
  Demonstrate appropriate responses to a client/resident experiencing pillaging, rummaging, and/or hoarding.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate appropriate responses to a client/resident experiencing sundowning.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate the appropriate responses to a client/resident experiencing preservation.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate the appropriate responses to a client/resident experiencing inappropriate social behavior.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate appropriate responses to a client/resident experiencing inappropriate sexual behavior.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate strategies for communicating with a cognitively impaired client/resident.
  Demonstrate techniques for addressing the unique needs and behaviors of the clients/residents with cognitive impairment.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Demonstrate methods to reduce the effects of cognitive impairment.
  Identify strategies the nurse aide can use to keep a positive, empathetic attitude when caring for clients/residents with cognitive impairment.
  Define the anatomy of the endocrine system.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the endocrine system.
  Discuss common disorders of the endocrine system, including their signs and symptoms.
  Describe the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  Identify signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
  Discuss hypoglycemia, including the signs and symptoms and the care of the client/resident experiencing hypoglycemia.
  Discuss hyperglycemia, including the signs and symptoms and the care of the client/resident experiencing hyperglycemia.
  Describe the long-term complications of diabetes mellitus.
  Discuss guidelines for the nurse aide caring for the client/resident with diabetes mellitus.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Identify signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.
  Discuss the guidelines for the nurse aide caring for the client/resident with hypothyroidism.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Identify signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
Unit XI: Basic Restorative Services
  Describe the purpose of rehabilitation.
  Identify members of the rehabilitation team.
  Describe restorative care.
  Discuss the role of the nurse aide in rehabilitation and restorative care.
  Describe ways to teach, with supervision, a resident to participate in self-care.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Describe reasons why the resident may not want to participate in self-care.
  Identify assistive devices the nurse aide may use for transferring residents, including bed to chair and bed to stretcher.
  Identify assistive devices the nurse aide may use to assist the resident to ambulate.
  Demonstrate how to assist the resident to ambulate with assistive devices.
  Identify assistive devices the nurse aide may use to assist the resident to eat.
  Identify assistive devices the nurse aide may use to assist the resident to dress.
  Define terms associated with the range of motion.
  Describe the benefits of exercise.
  Demonstrate passive range of motion (PROM) to lower extremity.
  Demonstrate passive range of motion (PROM) to upper extremity.
  Discuss the guidelines for range of motion exercises.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Identify positioning devices the nurse aide may use when turning and position residents in the bed and in the chair.
  Demonstrate positioning the resident on their side.
  Demonstrate positioning the resident in a chair.
  Describe caring for and using prosthetic devices.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Describe caring for and using orthotic devices.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Describe the purpose of elastic stockings.
  Demonstrate the correct application of elastic stockings.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Describe the process for bladder training.
  Describe the process for bowel training.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
Unit XII: Respiratory System, Cardiovascular System, HIV/AIDS, Cancer, and Care of the Resident When Death Is Imminent
  Explain the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the respiratory system.
  Discuss common disorders of the respiratory system, including their signs and symptoms.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Describe the use of various types of oxygen therapy equipment.
  Discuss the guidelines for caring for the resident receiving oxygen therapy.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Explain the anatomy and physiology of the circulatory system.
  Describe age-related changes seen in the circulatory system.
  Discuss common disorders of the circulatory system, including their signs and symptoms.
  Discuss the guidelines for caring for the resident experiencing angina.
  Discuss the guidelines for caring for the resident experiencing possible cardiac event.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss the guidelines for caring for the resident experiencing CHF.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss HIV/AIDS, including signs and symptoms and guidelines for care.
  Discuss the guidelines for caring for the resident with HIV/AIDS.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss cancer, including signs and symptoms and guidelines for care.
  Identify the American Cancer Society signs of cancer.
  Discuss the guidelines for caring for the resident with cancer.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Identify an understanding of the student’s own feelings about death and dying.
  Describe the stages of grief.
  List physical changes that occur when death is imminent.
  Discuss care measures for the resident when death is imminent.
  Discuss psychosocial and spiritual care measures for the resident when death is imminent.
  Discuss care measures for the family when death of the resident is imminent.
  Demonstrate proper procedure for postmortem care.
Unit XIII: Admission, Transfer, and Discharge
  Describe preparation of the resident’s room prior to admission.
  Identify areas of orientation that must be provided to the resident during admission.
  Describe how to care for a resident’s personal belongings.
  Discuss the observations that the nurse aide should make during the admission process.
  Document the admissions process, including care of the resident’s personal belongings, observations, and vital signs.
  Discuss the importance of reporting abnormal observations or changes to the appropriate licensed nurse.
  Discuss important factors in preparing the resident for transfer from his room and/or facility.
  Demonstrate preparing the resident for transfer.
  Discuss the care of the resident’s room after the transfer has occurred.
  Identify responsibilities of nurse aide during the discharge of the resident.
  Demonstrate discharge of the resident, including care of personal belongings and assisting to transport to the pick-up area.
Unit XIV: Legal and Regulatory Aspects of Practice for the Certified Nurse Aide
  Discuss professional behaviors of the nurse aide.
  Discuss the Code of Ethics for the nurse aide.
  Review methods of conflict management.
  List two regulatory agencies that are involved with nurse aides.
  Discuss the role of the Virginia Board of Nursing.
  Describe abuse, including the signs of abuse that the nurse aide might observe.
  Give examples of inappropriate nurse aide behavior, including neglect and misappropriation of resident property.
  Describe strategies the nurse aide can use to avoid inappropriate behavior.
  Discuss the role of the mandated reporter as described in the Code of Virginia, including who is a mandated reporter, what must be reported, to whom it must be reported, and the penalty for not reporting.
  List reasons why the Virginia Board of Nursing would begin disciplinary proceedings for a Certified Nurse Aide.
  Identify the consequences of abuse, neglect, and exploitation conviction.
  Discuss responsibilities and requirements of certified nurse aides per Virginia Board of Nursing regulations.
  Discuss responsibilities of employers of nurse aides to the Virginia Board of Nursing.
Additional Course Information
  8341_Student Competency Record_Copyright 2025.xlsx
  8341 Printable Version with Standards Correlations
  Teacher Resource: Process Skill Questions.pdf