Application requires a demonstration of the way low-viscosity flow occurs when an increase in the speed of the fluid (air) occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. When air flow velocity increases over a wing, the lower pressure on the upper wing increases. Application should also include discussion of the biplane effect (inter-wing convergence and divergence) and lift vs. deflection.

Bernoulli’s Equation: P + 1/2 ρV2 + ρgh = constant

P = pressure

ρ = air density in slugs

V = velocity

g = gravitational acceleration

h = elevation

Continuity Equation: P1 - P2 = 1/2 ρ(V22 - V21 )

A1 V1 = A2 V2

Process/Skill Questions: