Identification should include

• describing external forces requiring improvement cutting
• catastrophic
• fire
• blowdown
• flooding
• insect outbreaks
• disease infestations
• killing temperature
• mechanical injury
• irritants
• animal predation
• insects
• diseases
• nutrient and moisture deficiency
• anthropogenic
• describing improvement cutting techniques
• removing low-value or damaged trees
• cutting for salvage or sanitation.

Process/Skill Questions:

• What measures can a silviculturist take to supplement or substitute for natural regeneration?
• What are possible regeneration problems that may arise after salvage cutting?
• What are the similarities and differences between salvage and sanitation cuttings?