Identification should include injuries and conditions resulting in permanent disability or death, such as

• acute (e.g., spinal injury, traumatic brain injury, profuse bleeding, shock, sickle cell disease [SCD])
• environmental (e.g., lightning strike, exertional heat illness, exertional heat exhaustion vs. exertional heat stroke, SCD)
• cardiac conditions, congenital or acquired (e.g., heart attack, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, commotio cordis).

Teacher Resources:

• Inter-Association Task Force for Preventing Sudden Death in Collegiate Conditioning Sessions: Best Practices Recommendations, Journal of Athletic Training, NATA
• Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut

Process/Skill Questions:

• What are signs and symptoms of catastrophic injuries?
• What are risk factors for catastrophic injuries?
• How can catastrophic injuries be prevented? How can catastrophic injuries be treated?