Exploration may include issues such as

• use of hormones in livestock production
• animal welfare
  • confinement systems (e.g., gestation crates, battery cages)
  • painful procedures without analgesia (e.g., castration, dehorning, tail docking)
  • transportation and slaughter practices (e.g., humane handling, reducing stress)
• antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance
• environmental effects
  • greenhouse gas emissions from livestock (methane from ruminants)
  • land degradation, deforestation for grazing or feed crops
  • water usage and pollution from manure runoff
• sustainability and resource allocation
• genetic engineering and breeding
• labor and social justice
• transparency and consumer rights, including labeling issues (e.g., grass-fed, organic, hormone-free)
• solar grazing with sheep and/or goats
• unintended consequences of interventions
• other consumer concerns.

Process/Skill Questions:

• What are the benefits of solar grazing?
• What are examples of current consumer concerns related to livestock?
• How can some interventions result in unintended consequences? What are some examples?