Description should include methods of use as well as the following:
- Short-term effects of opioids
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Euphoria and pain relief
- Sedation and drowsiness
- Impaired cognitive function and judgment
- Respiratory depression (risk of overdose)
- Cardiovascular system
- Initial increase in heart rate (tachycardia)
- Possible fluctuations in blood pressure
- Gastrointestinal system
- Nausea and vomiting
- Constipation
- Endocrine system
- Decreased sex drive
- Hormonal imbalances
- Other effects
- Itching or rash
- Dry mouth
- Sweating
- Long-term effects of opioids
- CNS
- Development of tolerance and dependence
- Increased risk of addiction and mental health disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety)
- Cognitive deficits impacting memory and decision-making
- Cardiovascular system
- Long-term fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure
- Potential strain on the heart from chronic use
- Gastrointestinal system
- Chronic constipation leading to bowel obstruction
- Long-term digestive issues
- Endocrine system
- Hypogonadism (testes or ovaries don’t function properly leading to a deficiency in sex hormones)
- Menstrual irregularities in women
- Increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures
- Liver and kidney function
- Potential liver damage from prolonged use
- Risk of kidney damage due to dehydration and other factors
- Immune system
- Suppression of immune function
- Increased susceptibility to infections
Process/Skill Questions:
- How does the misuse of opioids affect nutrition and weight loss?
- How might opioid misuse be evident in a person’s vital signs?
- How do opioids affect the brain as the control center for homeostasis?
- What are the significant short- and long-term effects of opioids on human body systems?
- What is the importance of awareness and management of opioid use to mitigate adverse effects on the body’s systems?