Description should include

• parenting practices, behaviors, and expectations associated with various cultural, ethnic, and/or racial groups
• the consequences of parenting on child outcomes
• the effects of punishment on child development and the parent-child relationship
• positive parenting tools that focus on resilience, taking time for training, finding solutions, and avoiding reliance on punishment. 

Teacher Resource:

The Consequences of Parenting on Adolescent Outcomes by Dr. Donna Hancock Hoskins

Process/Skill Questions:

Thinking

• Why do some families have different expectations of boys and girls? What beliefs lead some families to severely restrict a girl's education and social contact?
• What can happen when cultural or religious beliefs conflict with the parenting practices of the larger community? How do these differences affect children? The parents? The community?

Communication

• How do families communicate their principles and behavioral expectations to children?
• How do children respond to child guidance based on cultural and ethnic traditions?

Leadership

• Why are some rules of conduct important for some families but not for others?
• How do cultural differences influence parenting roles?
• What should individuals do to be respectful of cultural parenting practices?

Management

• What information do individuals need to understand the influence of culture and ethnic heritage on behavioral expectations? What are some reliable sources for this information?
• What management skills can help people interact with families of different cultures and ethnic heritage?