Examination should include reviewing World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) validator and other sources for information about new design trends, including
- latest trends in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)5/Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
- markup validity criteria for new versions of HTML
- Web 2.0 (e.g., cloud computing, social networking, collaboration)
- content management systems (e.g., WordPress, Joomla!, Drupal)
- JavaScript and PHP
- common front-end frameworks (e.g., Bootstrap).