Identification should include

• common situations, including medical procedures, requiring the restraint of animals such as examinations, sample collection, wound management, and grooming
• chemical and physical methods of restraint and criteria for choosing the least stressful effective option
• equipment appropriate for each situation (e.g., slip leads, muzzles, towels, restraint bags, and Elizabethan collars)
• safety issues related to restraining equipment, such as overheating, pressure injuries, escape risk, or respiratory compromise
• the of using restraining equipment to protect the animal, handler, and veterinary team while minimizing fear and discomfort
• considerations for brachycephalic breeds, including maintaining airway patency, avoiding excessive pressure, and monitoring for respiratory distress.

Teacher Resources:

• American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) Guidelines
• Clinical Resources, Feline Veterinary Medical Association (FVMA)
• Fear Free 

Process/Skill Questions:

• How can a muzzle be considered a type of restraint?
• How can an e-collar be a useful piece of restraint equipment?
• Why is it important to use minimal restraint on an animal?