Identification should include diseases brought about by
- biotic factors
- fungi
- bacteria
- viruses
- nematodes
- insects
- abiotic factors
- environmental stress
- drought
- heat
- cold
- nutrient deficiencies
- soil conditions
- soil compaction
- invasive species
- anthropogenic activities.
Notable diseases include Dutch elm disease and beech bark disease.
Process/Skill Questions:
- How can livestock damage the forest?
- What can be done to prevent livestock damage?
- What are the economic effects of insect pests, diseases, and animal pests?
- How can deer overpopulation affect the forest?