1. Listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
2. Participate as a facilitator and a contributor in a group.
3. Participate in collaborative discussions with partners building on others’ ideas.
4. Ask questions to clarify the speaker’s purpose and perspective.
5. Summarize the main points a speaker makes.
6. Summarize and evaluate group activities.
7. Analyze the effectiveness of participant interactions.
8. Evaluate own contributions to discussions.
9. Demonstrate the ability to collaborate with diverse teams.
10. Work respectfully with others and show value for individual contributions.

1. Compare and contrast techniques used in a variety of media messages.
2. Identify the characteristics and effectiveness of a variety of media messages.
3. Interpret information presented in diverse media formats and explain how it contributes to the topic.
4. Craft and publish audience-specific media messages.

1. Identify word origins and derivations.
2. Use roots, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms to expand vocabulary.
3. Use context and sentence structure to determine meanings and differentiate among multiple meanings of words.
4. Identify and analyze the construction and impact of figurative language.
5. Use word-reference materials.
6. Extend general and cross-curricular vocabulary through speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

1. Identify the elements of narrative structure, including setting, character, plot, conflict, and theme.
2. Describe cause and effect relationships and their impact on plot.
3. Explain how an author uses character development to drive conflict and resolution.
4. Differentiate between first and third person point-of-view.
5. Describe how word choice and imagery contribute to the meaning of a text.
6. Draw conclusions and make inferences using the text for support.
7. Identify the characteristics of a variety of genres.
8. Identify and analyze the author’s use of figurative language.
9. Compare/contrast details in literary and informational nonfiction texts.
10. Identify transitional words and phrases that signal an author’s organizational pattern.
11. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Skim materials using text features such as type, headings, and graphics to predict and categorize information.
2. Identify main idea.
3. Summarize supporting details.
4. Create an objective summary including main idea and supporting details.
5. Draw conclusions and make inferences based on explicit and implied information.
6. Identify the author’s organizational pattern(s).
7. Identify transitional words and phrases that signal an author’s organizational pattern.
8. Differentiate between fact and opinion.
9. Identify cause and effect relationships.
10. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
11. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Choose audience and purpose.
3. Use a variety of prewriting strategies to generate and organize ideas.
4. Organize writing to fit mode or topic.
5. Write narratives to include characters, plot, setting, and point of view.
6. Establish a central idea incorporating evidence and maintaining an organized structure.
7. Compose a thesis statement for expository and persuasive writing.
8. Write multiparagraph compositions with elaboration and unity.
9. Use transition words and phrases.
10. Select vocabulary and information to enhance the central idea, tone, and voice.
11. Expand and embed ideas by using modifiers, standard coordination, and subordination in complete sentences.
12. Revise writing for clarity of content including specific vocabulary and information.

1. Formulate and revise questions about a research topic.
2. Collect and organize information from multiple sources.
3. Evaluate and analyze the validity and credibility of sources.
4. Cite primary and secondary sources.
5. Avoid plagiarism by using own words and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using agreed upon discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
2. Clearly communicate ideas and information orally in an organized and succinct manner.
3. Ask probing questions to seek elaboration and clarification of ideas.
4. Participate in collaborative discussions with partners building on others’ ideas.
5. Make statements to communicate agreement or tactful disagreement with others’ ideas.
6. Use language and style appropriate to audience, topic, and purpose.
7. Give formal and informal presentations in a group or individually, providing evidence to support a main idea.
8. Work effectively and respectfully within diverse groups.
9. Exhibit willingness to make necessary compromises to accomplish a goal.
10. Share responsibility for collaborative work.

1. Identify persuasive/informative techniques used in media.
2. Distinguish between fact and opinion, and between evidence and inference.
3. Describe how word choice, visual images, and sound convey a viewpoint.
4. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of techniques in auditory, visual, and written media messages.
5. Craft and publish audience-specific media messages.

1. Identify word origins and derivations.
2. Use roots, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms to expand vocabulary.
3. Identify and analyze the construction and impact of figurative language.
4. Identify connotations.
5. Use context and sentence structure to determine meanings and differentiate among multiple meanings of words.
6. Use word-reference materials to determine meanings and etymology.
7. Extend general and cross-curricular vocabulary through speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

1. Describe the elements of narrative structure including setting, character development, plot, theme, and conflict and how they influence each other.
2. Identify and explain the theme(s).
3. Identify cause and effect relationships and their impact on plot.
4. Differentiate between first and third person point-of-view.
5. Identify elements and characteristics of a variety of genres.
6. Compare and contrast various forms and genres of fictional text.
7. Describe the impact of word choice, imagery, and literary devices including figurative language in an author’s style.
8. Compare/contrast details in literary and informational nonfiction texts.
9. Make inferences and draw conclusions based on the text.
10. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Skim materials using text features including type, headings, and graphics to predict and categorize information.
2. Identify an author’s organizational pattern using textual clues, such as transitional words and phrases.
3. Make inferences and draw logical conclusions using explicit and implied textual evidence.
4. Differentiate between fact and opinion.
5. Identify the source, viewpoint, and purpose of texts.
6. Describe how word choice and language structure convey an author’s viewpoint.
7. Identify the main idea.
8. Summarize text identifying supporting details.
9. Create an objective summary including main idea and supporting details.
10. Identify cause and effect relationships.
11. Organize and synthesize information for use in written and other formats.
12. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
13. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Choose intended audience and purpose.
3. Use a variety of prewriting strategies to generate and organize ideas.
4. Organize writing structure to fit form or topic.
5. Establish a central idea incorporating evidence, while maintaining an organized structure and a formal style.
6. Compose a thesis statement for persuasive writing that includes a position.
7. Clearly state a position and organize reasons and evidence, using credible sources.
8. Distinguish between fact and opinion to support a position.
9. Write multiparagraph compositions with elaboration and unity.
10. Use transition words and phrases within and between paragraphs.
11. Develop and modify the central idea, tone, and voice to fit the audience and purpose.
12. Expand and embed ideas by using modifiers, standard coordination, and subordination in complete sentences.
13. Use clauses and phrases for sentence variety.
14. Revise writing for clarity of content including specific vocabulary and information.

1. Formulate and revise questions about a research topic.
2. Collect, organize, and synthesize information from multiple sources.
3. Analyze and evaluate the validity and credibility of resources.
4. Quote, summarize, and paraphrase information from primary and secondary sources using proper citations.
5. Avoid plagiarism by using own words and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Assume responsibility for specific group tasks and share responsibility for collaborative work within diverse teams.
2. Exhibit willingness to make necessary compromises to accomplish a goal.
3. Collaborate with others to exchange ideas, develop new understandings, make decisions, and solve problems.
4. Include all group members, and value individual contributions made by each group member.
5. Make statements to communicate agreement or tactful disagreement with others’ ideas.
6. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
7. Use self-reflection to evaluate one’s own role in preparation and participation in small-group activities.

1. Analyze the purpose of information and persuasive techniques used in diverse media formats.
2. Examine how values and viewpoints are included or excluded and how the media can influence beliefs, behaviors, and interpretations.
3. Use media and visual literacy skills to create products to express new understandings.
4. Evaluate sources for relationships between intent and factual content.
5. Utilize multimedia to clarify information and emphasize differing points of view.
6. Evaluate the motives (e.g., social, commercial, political) behind media presentation(s).
7. Demonstrate the ethical use of the Internet when evaluating or producing creative or informational media messages.

1. Identify and analyze the construction and impact of an author’s use of figurative language.
2. Use context, structure, and connotations to determine meaning and differentiate among multiple meanings of words and phrases.
3. Use roots, affixes, synonyms, and antonyms to determine the meaning(s) of unfamiliar words and technical vocabulary.
4. Identify the meaning of common idioms.
5. Use word-reference materials to determine meanings and etymology.
6. Discriminate between connotative and denotative meanings and interpret the connotation.
7. Extend general and cross-curricular vocabulary through speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

1. Analyze how authors’ development of characters, conflict, point of view, voice, and tone convey meaning.
2. Identify cause and effect relationships and their impact on plot.
3. Explain the development of the theme(s).
4. Explain the use of symbols and figurative language.
5. Make inferences and draw conclusions based on explicit and implied information using references to the text for support.
6. Identify and analyze characteristics within a variety of genres.
7. Compare/contrast details in literary and informational nonfiction texts.
8. Compare and contrast the authors’ use of word choice, dialogue, form, rhyme, rhythm, and voice in different texts.
9. Compare and contrast authors’ styles.
10. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Identify an author’s organizational pattern using textual clues, such as transitional words and phrases.
2. Apply knowledge of text features and organizational patterns to analyze selections.
3. Skim materials to develop an overview or locate information.
4. Make inferences and draw conclusions based on explicit and implied information using evidence from text as support.
5. Analyze the author’s qualifications, viewpoint, word choice, and impact.
6. Analyze details for relevance and accuracy.
7. Differentiate between fact and opinion.
8. Identify the main idea.
9. Summarize the text identifying supporting details.
10. Identify cause and effect relationships.
11. Evaluate, organize, and synthesize information for use in written and other formats.
12. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
13. Use reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Choose intended audience and purpose.
3. Use prewriting strategies to generate and organize ideas.
4. Organize writing structure to fit form or topic.
5. Establish a central idea incorporating evidence, maintaining an organized structure and formal style.
6. Compose a thesis statement for persuasive writing that advocates a position.
7. Clearly state and defend a position with reasons and evidence, from credible sources.
8. Identify a counterclaim and provide a counter - argument.
9. Distinguish between fact and opinion to support a position.
10. Organize information to provide elaboration and unity.
11. Develop and modify the central idea, tone, and voice to fit the audience and purpose.
12. Revise writing for clarity of content, word choice, sentence variety, and transitions among paragraphs.

1. Formulate and revise questions about a research topic.
2. Collect and synthesize information from multiple sources.
3. Evaluate and analyze the validity and credibility of resources.
4. Analyze information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, point of view, or bias.
5. Cite primary and secondary sources using Modern Language Association (MLA) or American Psychological Association (APA) style.
6. Quote, summarize and paraphrase research findings.
7. Publish findings and respond to feedback.
8. Avoid plagiarism by using own words and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
9. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Make strategic use of multimodal tools.
2. Credit information sources.
3. Use vocabulary appropriate to the topic, audience, and purpose.
4. Assist with setting rules for group work including informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, presentation of alternate views and goal setting.
5. Assume responsibility for specific group tasks.
6. Share responsibility for collaborative work.
7. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
8. Include all group members, acknowledge new information expressed by others, and value individual contributions made by each group member.
9. Respond thoughtfully and tactfully to diverse perspectives, summarizing points of agreement and disagreement.
10. Evaluate impact, purpose, point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric of presentation(s).
11. Use self-reflection to evaluate one’s own role in preparation and participation in small-group activities.

1. Apply knowledge of text features and organizational patterns to understand, analyze, and gain meaning from texts.
2. Make inferences and draw conclusions based on explicit and implied information using evidence from text as support.
3. Analyze the author’s qualifications, viewpoint, and impact.
4. Recognize an author’s intended purpose for writing and identify the main idea.
5. Summarize, paraphrase, and synthesize ideas, while maintaining meaning and a logical sequence of events, within and between texts.
6. Identify characteristics of expository, technical, and persuasive texts.
7. Identify a position/argument to be confirmed, disproved, or modified.
8. Evaluate clarity and accuracy of information.
9. Analyze, organize, and synthesize information in order to solve problems, answer questions, complete a task, or create a product.
10. Differentiate between fact and opinion and evaluate their impact.
11. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
12. Use the reading strategies to monitor comprehension throughout the reading process.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Plan, organize, and write for a variety of audiences and purposes.
3. Objectively introduce and develop topics, incorporating evidence and maintaining an organized structure and a formal style.
4. Blend multiple forms of writing including embedding a narrative to produce effective essays.
5. Communicate clearly the purpose of the writing using a thesis statement.
6. Compose a thesis for persuasive writing that advocates a position.
7. Clearly state and defend a position using reasons and evidence from credible sources as support.
8. Identify counterclaims and provide counter - arguments.
9. Determine the best kind of evidence to use for a claim, and effectively use fact and opinion to support a position.
10. Use textual evidence to compare and contrast multiple texts.
11. Arrange paragraphs in a logical progression, using transitions between paragraphs and ideas.
12. Revise writing for clarity of content, accuracy, and depth of information.

1. Verify the validity and accuracy of all information.
2. Analyze information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, point of view, or bias.
3. Evaluate and select evidence from a variety of sources to support claims and introduce counterclaims.
4. Cite sources for both quoted and paraphrased information using a standard method of documentation such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA).
5. Avoid plagiarism by using own words and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Make strategic use of multimodal tools.
2. Credit information sources.
3. Demonstrate the ability to work effectively with diverse teams including setting rules and goals for group work such as coming to informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, and presenting alternate views.
4. Assume responsibility for specific group tasks.
5. Include all group members and value individual contributions made by each group member.
6. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
7. Respond thoughtfully and tactfully to diverse perspectives, summarizing points of agreement and disagreement.
8. Choose vocabulary, language, and tone appropriate to the topic, audience, and purpose.
9. Access, critically evaluate, and use information accurately to solve problems.
10. Use reflection to evaluate one’s own role and the group process in small-group activities.
11. Evaluate a speaker’s point of view, reasoning, use of evidence, rhetoric, and identify any faulty reasoning.

1. Analyze text features and organizational patterns to evaluate the meaning of texts.
2. Recognize an author’s intended audience and purpose for writing.
3. Skim materials to develop an overview and locate information.
4. Compare and contrast informational texts for intent and content.
5. Interpret and use data and information in maps, charts, graphs, timelines, tables, and diagrams.
6. Draw conclusions and make inferences on explicit and implied information using textual support as evidence.
7. Analyze and synthesize information in order to solve problems, answer questions, and generate new knowledge.
8. Analyze ideas within and between selections providing textual evidence.
9. Summarize, paraphrase, and synthesize ideas, while maintaining meaning and a logical sequence of events, within and between texts.
10. Use reading strategies throughout the reading process to monitor comprehension.

1. Engage in writing as a recursive process.
2. Plan and organize writing to address a specific audience and purpose.
3. Adjust writing content, technique, and voice for a variety of audiences and purposes.
4. Communicate clearly the purpose of the writing using a thesis statement.
5. Objectively introduce and develop topics, incorporating evidence and maintaining an organized structure and a formal style.
6. Compose a thesis statement for persuasive writing that advocates a position.
7. Clearly state and defend a position using reasons and sufficient evidence from credible sources as support.
8. Identify counterclaims and provide counter - arguments.
9. Show relationships among claims, reasons, and evidence and include a conclusion that follows logically from the information presented.
10. Blend multiple forms of writing including embedding a narrative to produce effective essays.
11. Elaborate ideas clearly through word choice.
12. Use textual evidence to compare and contrast multiple texts.
13. Revise writing for clarity of content, accuracy, and depth of information.
14. Write and revise to a standard acceptable both in the workplace and in postsecondary education.

1. Verify the accuracy, validity, and usefulness of information.
2. Analyze information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, and point of view or bias.
3. Evaluate and select evidence from a variety of sources to introduce counter claims and to support claims.
4. Cite sources for both quoted and paraphrased ideas using a standard method of documentation, such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA).
5. Define the meaning and consequences of plagiarism and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Select and effectively use multimodal tools to design and develop presentation content.
2. Credit information sources.
3. Demonstrate the ability to work collaboratively with diverse teams.
4. Respond thoughtfully and tactfully to diverse perspectives, summarizing points of agreement and disagreement.
5. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
6. Anticipate and address alternative or opposing perspectives and counterclaims.
7. Evaluate the various techniques used to construct arguments in multimodal presentations.
8. Use vocabulary appropriate to the topic, audience, and purpose.
9. Evaluate effectiveness of multimodal presentations.

1. Apply information from texts to clarify understanding of concepts.
2. Read and correctly interpret an application for employment, workplace documents, or an application for college admission.
3. Analyze technical writing for clarity.
4. Paraphrase and synthesize ideas within and between texts.
5. Draw conclusions and make inferences on explicit and implied information using textual support.
6. Analyze multiple texts addressing the same topic to determine how authors reach similar or different conclusions.
7. Analyze false premises, claims, counterclaims, and other evidence in persuasive writing.
8. Recognize and analyze use of ambiguity, contradiction, paradox, irony, sarcasm, overstatement, and understatement in text.
9. Generate and respond logically to literal, inferential, evaluative, synthesizing, and critical thinking questions about the text(s).

1. Apply components of a recursive writing process for multiple purposes to create a focused, organized, and coherent piece of writing to address a specific audience and purpose.
2. Produce arguments in writing developing a thesis that demonstrates knowledgeable judgments, addresses counterclaims, and provides effective conclusions.
3. Organize claims, counterclaims, and evidence in a sustained and logical sequence.
4. Adapt evidence, vocabulary, voice, and tone to audience, purpose, and situation.
5. Use words, phrases, clauses, and varied syntax to create a cohesive argument.
6. Blend multiple forms of writing including embedding narratives to produce effective essays.
7. Revise writing for clarity of content, accuracy and depth of information.
8. Write and revise to a standard acceptable both in the workplace and in postsecondary education.

1. Critically evaluate quality, accuracy, and validity of information.
2. Make sense of information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, point of view or bias.
3. Synthesize relevant information from primary and secondary sources and present it in a logical sequence.
4. Cite sources for both quoted and paraphrased ideas using a standard method of documentation, such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA).
5. Define the meaning and consequences of plagiarism and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

1. Select and effectively use multimodal tools to design and develop presentation content.
2. Credit information sources.
3. Demonstrate the ability to work collaboratively with diverse teams.
4. Anticipate and address alternative or opposing perspectives and counterclaims.
5. Evaluate the various techniques used to construct arguments in multimodal presentations.
6. Use a variety of strategies to listen actively and speak using appropriate discussion rules with awareness of verbal and nonverbal cues.
7. Critique effectiveness of multimodal presentations.

1. Use critical thinking to generate and respond logically to literal, inferential, and evaluative questions about the text(s).
2. Identify and synthesize resources to make decisions, complete tasks, and solve specific problems.
3. Analyze multiple texts addressing the same topic to determine how authors reach similar or different conclusions.
4. Recognize and analyze use of ambiguity, contradiction, paradox, irony, overstatement, and understatement in text.
5. Analyze false premises claims, counterclaims, and other evidence in persuasive writing.

1. Apply components of a recursive writing process for multiple purposes to create a focused, organized, and coherent piece of writing to address a specific audience and purpose.
2. Produce arguments in writing that develop a thesis to demonstrate knowledgeable judgments, address counterclaims, and provide effective conclusions.
3. Use a variety of rhetorical strategies to clarify and defend a position organizing claims, counterclaims, and evidence in a sustained and logical sequence.
4. Blend multiple forms of writing including embedding a narrative to produce effective essays.
5. Adapt evidence, vocabulary, voice, and tone to audience, purpose, and situation.
6. Use words, phrases, clauses, and varied syntax to connect all parts of the argument creating cohesion from the information presented.
7. Revise writing for clarity of content, depth of information, and technique of presentation.
8. Write and revise to a standard acceptable both in the workplace and in postsecondary education.
9. Write to clearly describe personal qualifications for potential occupational or educational opportunities.

1. Frame, analyze, and synthesize information to solve problems, answer questions, and generate new knowledge.
2. Analyze information gathered from diverse sources by identifying misconceptions, main and supporting ideas, conflicting information, point of view, or bias.
3. Critically evaluate the accuracy, quality, and validity of the information.
4. Cite sources for both quoted and paraphrased ideas using a standard method of documentation, such as that of the Modern Language Association (MLA) or the American Psychological Association (APA).
5. Define the meaning and consequences of plagiarism and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.
6. Demonstrate ethical use of the Internet.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. analyzing and interpreting evidence from primary and secondary sources, including charts, graphs, and political cartoons;
2. analyzing how political and economic trends influence public policy, using demographic information and other data sources;
3. analyzing information to create diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and spreadsheets;
4. determining the accuracy and validity of information by separating fact and opinion and recognizing bias;
5. constructing informed, evidence-based arguments from multiple sources;
6. determining multiple cause-and-effect relationships that impact political and economic events;
7. taking informed action to address school, community, local, state, national, and global issues;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the costs and benefits of a specific choice;
9. applying civic virtue and democratic principles to make collaborative decisions; and
10. defending conclusions orally and in writing to a wide range of audiences, using evidence from sources.

The student will demonstrate personal character traits that facilitate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life by

1. practicing trustworthiness and honesty;
2. practicing courtesy and respect for the rights of others;
3. practicing responsibility, accountability, and self-reliance;
4. practicing respect for the law;
5. practicing patriotism;
6. practicing thoughtful decision making; and
7. practicing service to the school and/or local community.

The student will apply social science skills to understand of how economic decisions are made in the marketplace by

1. explaining that because of scarcity, consumers, producers, and governments must make choices, understanding that everyone’s choice has an opportunity cost; and
2. comparing and contrasting how traditional, free market, command, and mixed economies decide how to allocate their limited resources.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. planning inquiries by synthesizing information from diverse primary and secondary sources;
   
2. analyzing how political and economic trends influence public policy, using demographic information and other data sources;
   
3. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives;
   
4. evaluating critically the quality, accuracy, and validity of information to determine misconceptions, fact and opinion, and bias;
   
5. constructing informed, analytic arguments using evidence from multiple sources to introduce and support substantive and significant claims;
   
6. explaining how cause-and-effect relationships impact political and economic events;
   
7. taking knowledgeable, constructive action, individually and collaboratively, to address school, community, local, state, national, and global issues;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze the costs and benefits of a specific choice, considering incentives and possible consequences;
   
9. applying civic virtues and democratic principles to make collaborative decisions; and
   
10. communicating conclusions orally and in writing to a wide range of audiences, using evidence from multiple sources and citing specific sources.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship, by

1. analyzing and interpreting artifacts and primary and secondary sources to understand events in United States history;
2. analyzing and interpreting geographic information to determine patterns and trends in United States history;
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in United States history;
4. using evidence to draw conclusions and make generalizations;
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, and political perspectives in United States history;
6. determining relationships with multiple causes or effects in United States history;
7. explaining connections across time and place;
8. using a decision-making model to identify the costs and benefits of a specific choice made;
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and the ethical use of material or intellectual property; and
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. analyzing and interpreting artifacts and primary and secondary sources to understand events in United States history;
2. analyzing and interpreting geographic information to determine patterns and trends in United States history;
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in United States history;
4. using evidence to draw conclusions and make generalizations;
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, and political perspectives in United States history;
6. determining relationships with multiple causes or effects in United States history;
7. explaining connections across time and place;
8. using a decision-making model to identify costs and benefits of a specific choice made;
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and the ethical use of material or intellectual property; and
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about events in Virginia and United States history;
   
2. using geographic information to determine patterns and trends in Virginia and United States history;
   
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in Virginia and United States history;
   
4. constructing arguments, using evidence from multiple sources;
   
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives in Virginia and United States history;
   
6. explaining how indirect cause-and-effect relationships impact people, places, and events in Virginia and United States history;
   
7. analyzing multiple connections across time and place;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made;
   
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and ethical use of material and intellectual property; and
   
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about the world’s countries, cities, and environments;
2. using geographic information to determine patterns and trends to understand world regions;
3. creating, comparing, and interpreting maps, charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of world regions;
4. evaluating sources for accuracy, credibility, bias, and propaganda;
5. using maps and other visual images to compare and contrast historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives;
6. explaining indirect cause-and-effect relationships to understand geospatial connections;
7. analyzing multiple connections across time and place;
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made;
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and the ethical use of material or intellectual property; and
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will apply social science skills to evaluate the significance of natural, human, and capital resources by

1. comparing the distribution of major natural resources throughout world regions;
2. showing the influence of resources on patterns of economic activity and land use; and
3. evaluating perspectives regarding the use of resources.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about events in world history;
   
2. using geographic information to determine patterns and trends to understand world history;
   
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in world history;
   
4. evaluating sources for accuracy, credibility, bias, and propaganda;
   
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives in world history;
6. explaining how indirect cause-and-effect relationships impacted people, places, and events in world history;
   
7. analyzing multiple connections across time and place;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made;
   
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizens and ethical use of materials and intellectual property; and
   
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

1. synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about events and life in world history;
   
2. using geographic information to determine patterns and trends in world history;
   
3. interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in world history;
   
4. evaluating sources for accuracy, credibility, bias, and propaganda;
   
5. comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives in world history;
6. explaining how indirect cause-and-effect relationships impacted people, places, and events in world history;
   
7. analyzing multiple connections across time and place;
   
8. using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made;
   
9. identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizens and ethical use of materials and intellectual property; and
   
10. investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

1. represent and determine equivalencies among fractions, mixed numbers, decimals, and percents; and
2. compare and order positive rational numbers.

1. identify and represent integers;
2. compare and order integers; and
3. identify and describe absolute value of integers.

1. multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers;
   
2. solve single-step and multistep practical problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of fractions and mixed numbers; and
3. solve multistep practical problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimals.

1. add, subtract, multiply, and divide integers;
2. solve practical problems involving operations with integers; and
3. simplify numerical expressions involving integers.

1. represent data in a circle graph;
2. make observations and inferences about data represented in a circle graph; and
3. compare circle graphs with the same data represented in bar graphs, pictographs, and line plots.

1. represent the mean of a data set graphically as the balance point; and
2. determine the impact on measures of center when a single value of a data set is added, removed, or changed.

1. determine the theoretical and experimental probabilities of an event; and
2. investigate and describe the difference between the experimental probability and theoretical probability of an event.

1. verify the Pythagorean Theorem; and
2. apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

1. compare and contrast the probability of independent and dependent events; and
   
2. determine probabilities for independent and dependent events.

1. sample size;
2. sampling technique;
3. controlling sources of bias and experimental error;
4. data collection; and
5. data analysis and reporting.

1. identify and describe properties of a normal distribution;
2. interpret and compare z-scores for normally distributed data; and
3. apply properties of normal distributions to determine probabilities associated with areas under the standard normal curve.

1. identifying the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a conditional statement;
2. translating a short verbal argument into symbolic form; and
3. determining the validity of a logical argument.

1. comparing ratios between lengths, perimeters, areas, and volumes of similar figures;
2. determining how changes in one or more dimensions of a figure affect area and/or volume of the figure;
3. determining how changes in area and/or volume of a figure affect one or more dimensions of the figure; and
4. solving problems, including practical problems, about similar geometric figures.

1. observations are made involving fine discrimination between similar objects and organisms;
2. precise and approximate measurements are recorded;
3. scale models are used to estimate distance, volume, and quantity;
4. hypotheses are stated in ways that identify the independent and dependent variables;
5. a method is devised to test the validity of predictions and inferences;
6. one variable is manipulated over time, using many repeated trials;
7. data are collected, recorded, analyzed, and reported using metric measurements and tools;
8. data are analyzed and communicated through graphical representation;
9. models and simulations are designed and used to illustrate and explain phenomena and systems; and
10. current applications are used to reinforce science concepts.

1. observations of living organisms are recorded in the lab and in the field;
2. hypotheses are formulated based on direct observations and information from scientific literature;
3. variables are defined and investigations are designed to test hypotheses;
4. graphing and arithmetic calculations are used as tools in data analysis;
5. conclusions are formed based on recorded quantitative and qualitative data;
6. sources of error inherent in experimental design are identified and discussed;
7. validity of data is determined;
8. chemicals and equipment are used in a safe manner;
9. appropriate technology including computers, graphing calculators, and probeware is used for gathering and analyzing data, communicating results, modeling concepts, and simulating experimental conditions;
10. research utilizes scientific literature;
11. differentiation is made among a scientific hypothesis, theory, and law;
12. alternative scientific explanations and models are recognized and analyzed; and
13. current applications of biological concepts are used.

1. designated laboratory techniques;
2. safe use of chemicals and equipment;
3. proper response to emergency situations;
4. manipulation of multiple variables, using repeated trials;
5. accurate recording, organization, and analysis of data through repeated trials;
6. mathematical and procedural error analysis;
7. mathematical manipulations including SI units, scientific notation, linear equations, graphing, ratio and proportion, significant digits, and dimensional analysis;
8. use of appropriate technology including computers, graphing calculators, and probeware for gathering data, communicating results, and using simulations to model concepts;
9. construction and defense of a scientific viewpoint; and
10. the use of current applications to reinforce chemistry concepts.

1. volume, area, mass, elapsed time, direction, temperature, pressure, distance, density, and changes in elevation/depth are calculated utilizing the most appropriate tools;
2. technologies including computers, probeware, and geospatial technologies are used to collect, analyze, and report data and to demonstrate concepts and simulate experimental conditions;
3. scales, diagrams, charts, graphs, tables, imagery, models, and profiles are constructed and interpreted;
4. maps and globes are read and interpreted, including location by latitude and longitude;
5. variables are manipulated with repeated trials; and
6. current applications are used to reinforce Earth science concepts.
   

1. data are organized into tables showing repeated trials and means;
2. a classification system is developed based on multiple attributes;
3. triple beam and electronic balances, thermometers, metric rulers, graduated cylinders, and probeware are used to gather data;
4. models and simulations are constructed and used to illustrate and explain phenomena;
5. sources of experimental error are identified;
6. dependent variables, independent variables, and constants are identified;
7. variables are controlled to test hypotheses, and trials are repeated;
8. data are organized, communicated through graphical representation, interpreted, and used to make predictions;
9. patterns are identified in data and are interpreted and evaluated; and
10. current applications are used to reinforce life science concepts.

1. chemicals and equipment are used safely;
2. length, mass, volume, density, temperature, weight, and force are accurately measured;
3. conversions are made among metric units, applying appropriate prefixes;
4. triple beam and electronic balances, thermometers, metric rulers, graduated cylinders, probeware, and spring scales are used to gather data;
5. numbers are expressed in scientific notation where appropriate;
6. independent and dependent variables, constants, controls, and repeated trials are identified;
7. data tables showing the independent and dependent variables, derived quantities, and the number of trials are constructed and interpreted;
8. data tables for descriptive statistics showing specific measures of central tendency, the range of the data set, and the number of repeated trials are constructed and interpreted;
9. frequency distributions, scatterplots, line plots, and histograms are constructed and interpreted;
10. valid conclusions are made after analyzing data;
11. research methods are used to investigate practical problems and questions;
12. experimental results are presented in appropriate written form; and
13. models and simulations are constructed and used to illustrate and explain phenomena;
14. current applications of physical science concepts are used.