Simulation should include weather data and using various navigation methods:
- Global positioning system (GPS)
- Pilotage and dead reckoning
- Radio/radar or long range (LORAN)
- Map interpretation/topography
- Ground-based navigational aids (e.g., Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range [VOR], automatic direction finder [ADF])
- Magnetic variation
Navigation instrumentation should use or produce the following data or actions:
- Coordinates
- Vectors
- Airspeed
- Altitude
- Detection (air or ground)
- Inertia (through inertial navigation systems)
- Broadcasts for aircraft location (through beacons—Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range/Tactical Aircraft Control [VORTAC])